Non-Linguistic+Representations

= Chapter 5 - Non-linguistic Representations =

"....enhance students' ability to use mental images to represent and elaborate on knowledge."

Overview of the Research

 * 1) A variety of activities produce nonlinguistic representations.
 * 2) The purpose of nonlinguistic representation is to elaborate on knowledge.

What does this look like in the classroom?

 * 1) Use graphic organizers to represent knowledge.
 * 2) Have students create physical models of the knowledge.
 * 3) Have students generate mental pictures of the knowledge they are learning.
 * 4) Use pictures or pictographs to represent knowledge.
 * 5) Have students engage in kinesthetic activities representing the knowledge.

Technology Connections
There are six categories of technology that help teachers provide and help students create mental pictures and pictographs:

1. Word Processing Applications

 * Allows students to augment their written text with visual elements such as clip art and photos

2. Spreadsheet Software

 * Enables users to easily create graphs and charts from data entered.
 * [] - Example of Seismic Activity: [[file:seismic pic marzano.TIF]] [[file:seismic pic marzano1.TIF]]

3. Organizing and Brainstorming Software
Graphic representations serve as mnemonic devices that facilitate the **classification**, **organization**, **storage** and **recollection** of information into and out of long-term memory. Some technology tools used to support these representations are: Six common types of pattern organizers:
 * Inspiration
 * Microsoft Visio
 * CmapTools
 * SmartTools ( used with SmartBoards)
 * Microsoft Word Drawing toolbar
 * 1) Conceptual/Descriptive [[file:conceptual-descriptive.TIF]]
 * 2) Generalization/Principle [[file:generalization-principle.TIF]]
 * 3) Time-Sequence [[file:time-sequence.TIF]]
 * 4) Episode [[file:episode.TIF]]
 * 5) Process/Cause-Effect [[file:process-causeeffect.TIF]]

4. Data Collection Tools

 * Digital Probes
 * Digital Microscopes

5. Multimedia - one of the most effective forms of nonlinguistic representation
- Webmonkey for Kids: [] - Animation Factory: [|www.animationfactory.com/help/tutorial_gif.html] - Animation Inspiration: [|www.apple.com/uk/education/animation] 3. Movies and Video
 * Most engaging learning comes from having the student create the presentation as part of the learning process.
 * A combination of single mediums: video, audio and interactivity.
 * 1) Presentations
 * 2) Animations

6. Web Resources

 * Simulations: [], [|www.iknowthat.com] , [|www.explorelearning.com]
 * Other Web Resources

[|www.knowitall.org] [] [|www.cut-the-knot.org/Curriculum/index.shtml] [|www.digitales.us] [|www.ourtimelines.com] [|www.sfett.com]